The Brown vs Board of Education Case

Fifty years back when the choice was passed on in the Brown versus Board of Education case isolated educational systems went to a sudden stop. After five decades there are as yet hot discussions on the viability of such a decision. Today, while schools are not legitimately isolated, there are isolation patterns in light of the manner in which populaces accumulate in territories and the neighborhood schools are affected by such populaces. Laws have been set up to forestall isolation and youngsters have been transported across town to attempt to accomplish racial parity, yet ongoing changes to enactment have halted that too. Today, the country is isolated on the isolated school issue by and by. The principle subject of the first article is that isolation in quite a while today, doesn't take on a similar significance as it did when the Brown choice was passed on. Today, as per the creator populace unevenness has more to do with populace wants to be situated close to one another, just like the case with numerous Spanish talking and European regions of the nation(Mckenna 1995). As indicated by the creator, isolation for this situation is a constructive thing as it places individuals of a similar language in a similar zone consequently diminishing trepidation and powerlessness to work until the youngsters can create more grounded English skills(Mckenna 1995). The creator accepts that the response to bigotry isn't to constrain transporting or different strategies that will place youngsters in assorted school populaces. Rather, the creator accepts prejudice can be finished by chipping away at society in general and grasping the very contrasts that make America the country that it is today. Generally I concur with the article. I know whether I didn't communicate in English I would be reluctant to permit my youngster to be transported over the city only for racial parity inside the educational system. I would like to keep them near a comfortable territory with their natural language being spoken. I don't concur anyway with the explanation that isolated schools are not detestable. I accept there is an almost negligible difference between not pushing children and leaving them alone deserted. In the event that we don't compel the equalization of race inside the educational system we should rather be extremely mindful so as not to let the minority educational systems fall by the wayside with regards to financing and different things that make instruction conceivable. In the second article the writer accepts that isolated schools put certain understudies off guard. Refering to the issues including not getting ready kids for a normally assorted society the writer trusts it is fundamental to blend the races while understudies are youthful enough to grasp such social differences(Droesch, 1996). â€Å"With or without an integration plan set up, a significant number of our kids keep on encountering isolation and racial inclination in school. In the event that our kids keep on living in racially captivated networks and go to isolated schools, they will be at an unmistakable inconvenience in the present worldwide town. For the entirety of our area's childhood to address the difficulties of working in a multicultural world, they should have the chance to learn in a situation that advocates consideration and regard for diversity(Droesch, 1996).† The creator accepts integration plans for educational systems is a starting advance to tackling the issue of bigotry in America. I concur that isolated schools will cause a proceeded captivated mentality. I concur with the creator that we should set up our nation†s youngsters for a racially various network. I trust it is imperative to arrive at understudies when they are youthful and generally open to assorted variety. This will aid the nation†s worldwide exertion to stop prejudice. I concur more with the second article than the first if language obstructions are removed from the condition.

Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost

It is unquestionably apparent that life and experience happens, and dispenses with or changes the nature of human guiltlessness. Obviously, this is impeccably ordinary. In any case, every now and again those experiencing such a procedure, can frequently feel enduring, misfortune, and maybe disarray. This is certainly a piece of human development. Inside our content, the perusing of the three pieces by Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost, all serve to delineate this phenomenon.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Araby† is a transitioning story of a youthful Irish Catholic kid, living in mid twentieth century Dublin. Unmistakably, toward the beginning of the story, the youngster is a dreamer. Creator James Joyce portrays his hero whose failure brief him to startling response. â€Å"My eyes were frequently brimming with tears (I was unable to explain why) and n ow and again a flood from my heart appeared to empty itself out into my bosom.† (Joyce) As the story is described by the kid presently developed, the loss of guiltlessness through recalled experience is doubly powerful and unexpected. Thinking back, the storyteller talks about himself as experiencing childhood in one of the most noticeably terrible pieces of a then cursed city. Equivalent here likewise is the boy’s feeling that his religion is vacant, formal, with no genuine and genuine consideration for his Maker and the remainder of mankind. In any case, when the kid next goes gaga for the sister of a companion, â€Å"Mangan†, he quickly encounters a type of restoration. All things considered, he is destined to be baffled as his perspective on affection is one dependent on devotion and ridiculous sentiment. He doesn't get the young lady. He grieves along these lines, â€Å"Gazing up into the obscurity I considered myself to be an animal driven and determined b y vanity, (Joyce ) Finally, the last remnants of his guiltlessness are cleansed through his genuine encounter of visiting the Arabian bazaar and understanding that it is totally different from what he’d some time ago apparent. Dim, evil, enchanting, and profoundly marketed, Araby exemplifies for the storyteller, the genuine and experienced condition of the world. Next, in Jamaica Kincaid’s one-sentence short story entitled â€Å"Girl†, the loss of honesty through experience is conveyed to the little girl by her mom, who furnishes her with a reiteration of guidance. In spite of the fact that the mother’s discourse to her little girl appears to be propelled by adoration and she gives her kid data she accepts the young lady will require so as to get by as a ladies in the Western Caribbean world, it is regardless lost guiltlessness picked up by means of the mother’s denunciation. Despite the fact that the mother gives the young lady what she accepts to be useful data on all from tasks to life and love, she shows a solid absence of trust in the child.Advertising Looking for exposition on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The parent begins with revealing to her posterity, she ought to â€Å"Wash the white garments on Monday and put them on the stone pile; wash the shading garments on Tuesday and put them on the clothesline to dry; don’t walk barehead in the hot sun.† (Kincaid ) Mother at that point continues to slight the girl’s very character by advising her, â€Å"on Sundays attempt to walk like a woman dislike the prostitute you are bowed on becoming.† (Kincaid ) The youngster seems to react negligibly, both with all due respect and to get extra data. The girl claims, â€Å"but I don’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school.† Therefore, toward the finish of the mother’s extensive explanati on, the youth is attempted to have abandoned her adolescence, and arranged to enter the grown-up world. At long last, noticeable twentieth century American artist Robert Frost addresses guiltlessness, experience, and decision in his refrain, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. He guaranteed that the sonnet was initially composed when he and a dear companion happened upon two comparative ways in the forested areas, and were in a bind with respect to what direction to go. The sonnet seems to advance the desire that they could investigate the two ways and would perhaps do as such, on the off chance that they could, however that reality would most likely not grant that arrangement of occasions. However realizing how route leads on to way, I questioned in the event that I should ever returned. (Ice 149) Lastly, the last point settled on by Frost is that his decision directs his loss of guiltlessness and resulting reality. He discusses a later time where he will recall:Advertising We will c ompose a custom article test on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More I will be telling this with a moan Somewhere ages and ages thus: Two streets veered in a wood, and I †I took the one less went by, And that has had a significant effect. (Ice 149) obviously, it isn’t away from sort of contrast happened, and whether, it was either positive or negative, yet simply experienced. Hence, the decision blocked another experience, a sort of misfortune. Works Cited Abcarian, Richard, Samuel Cohen and Marvin Klotz, eds. Writing: The Human Experience. Bedford Saint Martin’s tenth version This article on Innocence and Experience in Joyce, Kincaid, and Frost was composed and put together by client SallyFloyd to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Why An Outline Is Important In Writing Term Paper

Why An Outline Is Important In Writing Term PaperFor some people, the whole process of writing a term paper can be intimidating. After all, it's the first time you're taking on this new task and for some reason, your brain doesn't know how to think of how to do it the right way.Your first instinct may be to quickly move the paper over to the next area, but this is not the best approach. This can leave you with multiple papers sitting around with no one to read them. By the time they have been sitting around for weeks, the only thing that has really changed is that you're now reading another one of your colleagues' papers!The best approach is to take your time when you are working on your paper. This doesn't mean that you should let it sit, though. You may find yourself going over it several times and having to start all over again if you don't get it right the first time. This is why using an outline is so important, so that you can get started right away.Why is an outline important? Writing an outline will help you work out what you want to write about in a way that will make it easier to write it. Instead of coming up with your own list of things to write about, you can use an outline as a guideline. You can then pick out the key points and figure out how to fit them into your paper.A paper outline can also be used to make sure that you don't over write your term paper. You can write too much and end up overspending your space and time, or running out of ideas. An outline gives you a starting point and a way to wrap up everything.You'll find that once you learn to use an outline, writing your term paper becomes much easier. If you go back and look at itover the course of several months, you can see that you have been able to avoid repeating yourself. You can also see exactly where each chapter starts and ends. When you are stuck, you can refer back to your outline and see where you were in terms of the chapter and how many pages you were up to.Finally, an out line will help you think about each paragraph that you are going to write. This is because it will help you decide which information you need to put in each paragraph. Instead of just typing in what you think you need to say, you will be able to think about the best ways to structure your paragraphs. By planning ahead of time, you'll be able to cut down on the number of times you need to use your imagination to make something up.The biggest problem with writing papers is that it can sometimes seem like you have to know the material inside out before you can truly get started. The best way to solve this problem is to use an outline. This is your best tool for accomplishing this task and you should make it a point to use it for all of your term paper writing projects.

Treatment of Solid Tumors including Metastatic Breast Cancer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2828 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/06 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Topics: Breast Cancer Essay Did you like this example? Citizen Petition Reconsider Issuance of RMAT Designation for Therapeutic Armed Activated T Lymphocytes Treatment of Solid Tumors including Metastatic Breast Cancer The undersigned submits this petition under to request the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to reconsider issuing a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation to autologous T-lymphocyte therapies for patients with malignant advanced stage solid tumors, specifically stage IV metastatic breast cancer, on the basis that it can meet an unmet medical need as substantiated by new clinical trial evidence resulting from trial involving OKT3 x Herceptin Armed Activated T Cells, Low Dose IL-2, and GM-CSF, as relevant to section 506(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDC Act), as added by section 3033 of the 21st Century Cures Act (Cures Act). A. Action Requested The Expedited Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Serious Conditions Draft Guidance for Industry states that in order for an investigational drug to receive a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designation it must fulfill the following criteria1:. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Treatment of Solid Tumors including Metastatic Breast Cancer" essay for you Create order It meets the definition of regenerative medicine therapy (see section I of [draft guidance] document) It is intended to treat, modify, reverse or cure a serious condition; and Preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the regenerative medicine therapy has the potential to address unmet medical needs for such condition The Expedited Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Serious Conditions Draft Guidance for Industry states that the definition of regenerative medicine therapy is1: †¢ Cell therapies, therapeutic tissue engineering products, human cell, and tissue products, and combination products using any such therapies or product And Gene therapies, including genetically modified cells, that lead to a durable modification of cells or tissues may meet the definition of a regenerative medicine therapy. In said draft guidance, unmet medical need is defined as: †¢ An unmet medical need is a condition whose treatment or diagnosis is not addressed adequately by available therapy. An unmet medical need includes an immediate need for a defined population (i.e., to treat a serious condition with no or limited treatment) or a longer-term need for society (e.g., to address the development of resistance to antibacterial drugs). We, the undersigned, petition the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to reconsider issuing an RMAT designation to autologous T-Lymphocyte therapies for solid tumors, and we offer new clinical trial data from the trial named Treatment of Stage IV Breast Cancer With OKT3 x Herceptin Armed Activated T Cells, Low Dose IL-2, And GM-CSF (NCT00027807) as clinical evidence that indicates the potential to meet an unmet medical need thereby fulfilling the requirement â€Å"that the regenerative medicine therapy has the potential to address unmet medical needs for such condition† listed in The Expedited Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Serious Conditions Draft Guidance for Industry.1 B. Statement of Grounds Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, with breast cancer following lung cancer as cancers with the highest mortality rates. While there have been a number of cancer therapies found to either treat or cure early-stage cancers, late-stage solid t umors tend to elude these therapies, and as a result, there are very few therapies that can attempt to treat them. Breast cancer is a disease that affects 1 out of 8 women, with 10% of all cases eventually metastasizing 5 years after the patient has received therapy for it.2,3 Many patients receive a form of therapy for breast cancer that may involve surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy, or even in the case of high-risk breast cancer high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant. Unfortunately, relapse rates after these therapies remain high, and often times the cancer has metastasized at that point. 55-87% of women who have primary breast cancer with 10 or more axillary lymph nodes relapse within 5 years of when they were diagnosed. 4 Stage IV metastatic breast cancer represents an unmet medical need, as it is not being met by current treatments or therapies. Additionally, there is research that indicates that combination therapies would work in a more effective manner against metastatic breast cancer than a single therapy.4 Some of the therapies that are currently being considered in clinical trials involve chimeric T cells, others are looking at armed activated T cells (aATC), and others are considering antibodies.3,4 The trial in question that we are using as the basis for our petition analyzes the combination immunotherapy consisting of HER2Bi armed activated T cell infusions, IL-2, and GM-CSF.3,4 The HER2Bi or BsAb consists of two monoclonal antibodies that were heteroconjugated and used to arm the T cells. These two monoclonal antibodies were Trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech) and an anti-CD3 (OKT3, Centocor, Ortho-Biotech) that were prepared under Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations as enforced by the Food and Drugs Administration.5 Trastuzumab or the brand name Herceptin has been approved for use in the treatment of breast cancers that overexpress the HER2/neu receptor, which is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane epidermal growth factor receptor family member.3 The HER2/neu receptor is overexpressed in many breast, ovarian, gastric, lung, prostate and oral cancers. This overexpression of HER2/neu makes it an ideal therapeutic target. 3,4 Moreover, women with HER2- cancers have fewer therapeutic options, but the trial demonstrated a positive result in those patients as well, which further supports the claim that this therapy can fulfill an unmet need for a serious condition. The OKT3 or anti-CD3 antibody targets the CD3 T cell receptor. Together they form the HER2 Bispecific antibody (HER2Bi), which is engineered to direct cytotoxicity at tumor cells that overexpress the HER2/neu receptor. In this trial, they combined the HER2Bi with Interleukin-2 and the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Interleukin-2 is a cytokine produced by leukocytes, which increases the growth and activity of other T lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, as well as affecting the development of the immune system. GM-CSF is another cytokine that helps create additional white blood cells specifically granulocytes, macrophages, and cells that become platelets.3 The primary endpoints of the trial were to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose. The highest dose that was administered consisted of 20 x 10^9 aATC, and the maximum tolerated dose level was not reached, nor were there any dose-limiting toxicities observed at this dosage level. The secondary endpoints of the study were assessments of response rates: complete response (CR), stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and no evidence of disease (NED), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). TTP and OS were measured from the date of enrollment in the trial.3 The study consisted of 23 women with stage IV metastatic breast cancer, of both HER2+ and HER2- patients, in a traditional 3+3 dose escalation design. One patient in the study died from digoxin toxicity related congestive heart failure, and the autopsy of the patient did not show any myocardial T cell infiltrates. The remaining 22 patients were evaluated at 14.5 weeks. Results showed 59.1% (13/22) of patients had SD or better (NED, PR, or SD) and 40.9% (9/22) of patients had PD. The overall survival rate of the 22 evaluable patients was 36.2 months. Within the overall survival rate, the breakdown was an overall survival rate of 57.4 months for HER2+ and 27.4 months for HER2-. The results of t his study showed that there were no major negative side effects associated with this aATC therapy. There were no cytokine storms, which has been a problematic side effect in past T-cell therapies, but there were however what the researchers designated cytokine flurries.3 And while a number of patients had to have their aATC washed to reduce side effects, not a single patient had to have their dose lowered. The main side effects observed were grade 3 chills and grade 3 headaches. The incidence of chills was 8.6%, 20.8%, and 43.1% at dose levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The incidence of headaches was 3.1%, 8.3%, and 19.6% at dose levels, 1, 2, and 3. Two patients were hospitalized to manage other side effects that included nausea, hypotension, vomiting, and dehydration, but after the successful resolution of these side effects they resumed the trial and continued to receive the infusions of the aATCs. In this trial, the innate cytotoxicity of T cells was redirected by the formation of the aATC (can be prepared with either CD4+ or CD8+,). Normal patients and cancer patients who rec eived this combination therapy of aATC with HER2Bi combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF both exhibited specific cytotoxicity towards target cells, and the cytotoxicity increased as the dosage amount of the aATC increased. 4 The cytotoxicity persisted for more than 54 hours towards the target cells, and other cytokines including IFN-?, TNF- ?, and GM-CSF were induced when the tumor antigen was bound to the aATC.4 This capability of the aATC to induce IFN-? when it binds to a tumor antigen may be clinically beneficial, as other studies have already shown in preclinical and clinical studies that cytotoxic T cells produce IFN-? and that IFN-? is tumoricidal.6,7 Another advantage of this particular therapy is that it does not require large quantities of HER2Bi unlike other infusional therapies that do require large doses of bispecific antibodies. In fact, billions of armed activated T cells can be armed with just milligrams of the HER2Bi antibody. The aATCs proved to be cytotoxic even towards breast cancers that had a low expression level of HER2 receptors, such as the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. 4 The SK-BR-3 cell line, which has higher levels of HER2 receptors, had even more susceptibility to cytotoxic effects from the aATC, causing greater amounts of tumor cells to be lysed.4 This indicates that even a small amount of the combination of the anti-CD3 and anti-HER2 antibodies that are used to arm activated T cells can mediate high levels of cytotoxicity that is directed at tumor cells. Even when the levels of the tumor antigen expression is low as in the case of the MCF-7 cell line, and are able to mediate cytotoxicity in vivo for many days after infusion of the aATCs.4 The fact that that the maximum tolerated dose was not reached, that there were no dose-limiting toxicities, nor was there any evidence of a life-threatening cytokine storm, and all other side effects were relatively mild and successfully resolved supports the idea that multiple infusions of aATC in combination with IL-2 and GM-CSF were both safe and technically feasible. The results of this study showed that combining antibody targeting and T cell-mediated killing could greatly augment cytotoxicity that can be directed towards cancer cells and provides a rationale to develop new nontoxic immunological approaches that can eradicate any residual tumor cells. 4 Ultimately the researchers have concluded that multiple intravenous infusions of the HER2Bi aATC are feasible, and most of them would go to the lungs and then migrate to, and settle, in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver. This is advantageous because many breast cancers metastasize to these locations, which would make the targeting of these metastases by the aATC easier. The authors of this study had intended on moving forward with a Phase II trial, and the results supported the rationale for moving forward. However, this trial ultimately did not move forward to a Phase II trial, but it did provide the rationale for further clinical trials on similar immunotherapies. A separate trial studied the HER2Bi armed activated T cells in HER2+ colorectal cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. The aATC exhibited increased cytotoxicity against HER2+ tumor cells, and showed significant suppression of colorectal carcinoma cells in comparison to unarmed ATC. Similar to the above-mentioned breast can cer trial, researchers were able to reach these results by using a very low dose of HER2Bi, which eliminated previously seen side effects of Herceptin which included cardiotoxicity that manifested as left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure in a different research project. 8 Much like the trial conducted on metastatic breast cancer, the data in this trial also showed that aATC induced IFN-? secretion levels that were higher than those induced by unarmed ATC, As such the researchers of this trial concluded that â€Å"HER2Bi?armed ATCs with anti?tumor effects may provide a promising immunotherapy for colorectal carcinoma for the future†.9 Another Phase I trial examined the HER2Bi aATC in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. They also found an increased level of IFN-? as well as no dose-limiting toxicities that were associated with this immunotherapy. 3 out of 7 patients in this trial showed a decrease in their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and pain levels. The results of this trial provided strong rationale to continue onto a Phase II trial.10 Furthermore, there is another trial in progress that is also researching HER2Bi armed activated T cells combined with pembrolizumab, which blocks the PD-1 pathway, in patients with metastatic bre ast cancer. The trial (NCT03272334), sponsored by the University of Virginia is currently recruiting patients, but we look forward to seeing if it reaches its primary endpoints, which are evaluating the side effects and best dose for this treatment without reaching any dose-limiting toxicities. 11 While we need to keep a watchful eye on more severe side effects such as the possibility of life-threatening cytokine storms in future trials, the fact that the trial on metastatic breast cancer only had cytokine flurries is an encouraging sign. Novel immunotherapies including T-cell therapies are making headway as therapeutics for solid tumors and is a field that holds great promise because it can boost patients preexisting tumors responses, in a nontoxic manner, specifically in tumors that have no current successful therapy options.12 We would request that the Commissioner of Food and Drugs reconsider issuing an RMAT designation to autologous T-Lymphocyte therapies for solid tumors based on the preclinical trial data as covered above from the trial Treatment of Stage IV Breast Cancer With OKT3 x Herceptin Armed Activated T Cells, Low Dose IL-2, And GM-CSF (NCT00027807). We feel that this data, along with the fact that metastatic breast cancer is a serious condition that has very few therapies available to treat, and as such is an unmet medical need, fulfills all the requirements of an RMAT designation which are listed as: It meets the definition of regenerative medicine therapy (see section I of [draft guidance] document) It is intended to treat, modify, reverse or cure a serious condition; and Preliminary clinical evidence indicates that the regenerative medicine therapy has the potential to address unmet medical needs for such condition C. Environmental Impact The petitioner hereby states that the action requested in this petition will have no environmental impact and that, therefore, an environmental assessment is not required under 21 CFR 25.30. D. Economic Impact Not applicable; this section has not been requested by the Commissioner. E. Certification The undersigned certifies, that, to the best knowledge and belief of the undersigned, this petition includes all information and views on which the petition relies, and that it includes representative data and information known to the petitioner which are unfavorable to the petition. References 1. Food and Drug Administration. (2017, November). Expedited Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Serious Conditions Draft Guidance for Industry. Retrieved December 11, 2018, from https://www.fda.gov/downloads/biologicsbloodvaccines/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/guidances/cellularandgenetherapy/ucm585414.pdf 2. American Cancer Society. (n.d.). How Common Is Breast Cancer? Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html 3. Lum, L. G., Thakur, A., Al-Kadhimi, Z., Colvin, G. A., Cummings, F. J., Legare, R. D., . . . Rathore, R. (2015). Targeted T-cell Therapy in Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Phase I Clinical Trial. Clinical Cancer Research, 21(10), 2305-2314. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2280 4. Sen, M., Wankowski, D. M., Garlie, N. K., Siebenlist, R. E., Epps, D. V., Lefever, A. V., Lum, L. G. (2001). Use of Anti-CD3 Ãâ€" Anti-HER2/neu Bispecific Antibody for Redirecting Cytotoxicity of Activated T Cells Toward HER2/ neu Tumors. Journal of Hematotherapy Stem Cell Research, 10(2), 247-260. doi:10.1089/15258160151134944 5. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (n.d.). Manufacturing Facts About the Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/developmentapprovalprocess/manufacturing/ucm169105.htm 6. Ogawa M, W-G Yu, K Umehara, M Iwasaki, R Wijesuriya, T Tsujimura, T Kubo, H Fujiwara and T Hamaoka. (1998). Multiple roles of interferon-gamma in the mediation of interleukin 12-induced tumor regression. Cancer Res 58: 2426–2432. 7. Quian J-H, JA Titus, SM Andrew, D Mezzanzanica, MA Garrido, JR Wunderlich and DM Segal. (1991). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes targeted with bispecific anti- bodies release cytokines that are essential for inhibiting tumor growth. J Immunol 146:3250–3256. 8. Babar, T., Blomberg, C., Hoffner, E., Yan, X. (2014). Anti-HER2 Cancer Therapy and Cardiotoxicity. Current Pharmaceutical Design,20(30), 4911-4919. doi:10 .2174/1381612820666140604145037 9. Han, H., Ma, J., Zhang, K., Li, W., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., . . . Gao, B. (2014). Bispecific anti-CD3 x anti-HER2 antibody mediates T cell cytolytic activity to HER2-positive colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. International Journal of Oncology,45(6), 2446-2454. doi:10.3892/ijo.2014.2663 10. Vaishampayan, U., Thakur, A., Rathore, R., Kouttab, N., Lum, L. G. (2015). Phase I Study of Anti-CD3 x Anti-Her2 Bispecific Antibody in Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients. Prostate Cancer,2015, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2015/285193 11. ClinicalTrials.gov. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). (n.d.). Her2-BATS and Pembrolizumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer (Breast-47)r. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03272334 12. Melton, C. (2018, November 28). Novel T-Cell Therapies Make Inroads Into Solid Tumors. Retrieved December 17, 2018, from https://www.onclive.com/publications/oncology-live/2018/vol-19-no-22/novel-tcell-therapies-make-i nroads-into-solid-tumors?p=1

Islam, A Monotheistic Religion - 1290 Words

Islam, a monotheistic religion, means submitting one’s will to Allah’s will. When Allah created the Universe, He did not invite anyone to challenge His creation. Allah has a purpose for everything He creates, therefore He does not need to explain what He does to His creation. Allah has sent messengers to convey to the human kind what is legal and illegal for them. He gave His creation different abilities; however, He has given humans the ability to obey or disobey Him. Among the messengers that God has sent, one is Mohammed (PBUH). He was given the Quran, the Word of God, to disclose the commandments of Allah. Like any other prophet, Mohammed (PBUH) used his way to guide the world to the right path. The Quran is a revelation through Gabriel (PBUH) to the prophet Mohammed (PBUH). In the holy Quran, dogs are described as loyal, self-sacrificing, and devoted to their guardian. The loyalty of dogs makes them beneficial for protection, hunting, and detection of explosives a nd drugs; Nevertheless, Muslims cannot have any physical contact with them because of their impure saliva. The prophet encouraged all the beneficent uses of dogs, like herding and hunting, however, he did not want them to have any physical contact with dogs. The prophet discouraged his companions from having pet dogs, and there was a purpose. During the era of the prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the people lived in a desert where the material resources were limited. People had to survive on minimal amounts ofShow MoreRelatedIslam Is A Monotheistic Religion2152 Words   |  9 Pages Islam is a monotheistic religion that is based on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as â€Å"an expression of surrender to the will of Allah (God), the creator and sustainer of the world† (qtd. in â€Å"Islam†). In order to fully understand the religion, one must understand the history, the beliefs, and the followers of Islam. Islam is known as the most misunderstood religion in the world due to events that have occurred since the development of the religion and some of the actions of people w hoRead MoreIslam : A Monotheistic Religion1505 Words   |  7 Pages Modern Challenges Paper Islam is a monotheistic religion taking into account disclosures got by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century A.D., which were later recorded in the Quran (or Koran), Islam s consecrated content. Islam has spread quickly during the time and today the religion is, by a few estimations, the biggest on the planet. Devotees of Islam are called Muslims. The Arabic word Islam signifies accommodation, mirroring the confidence s focal precept of submitting to Allah. 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Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare - 538 Words

In Friar Laurence’s soliloquy duality is present in almost the whole passage. It helps show the development of the foreshadowing of both Romeo and Juliet’s fate of their death. Mostly the duality shown is light vs. dark and good vs. evil duality, but other smaller hints of other duality themes are shown as well. Through these additions to the test, Shakespeare is able to better portray the development of themes in the following scenes. This passage contains a large amount of symbolism and imagery as well, constantly referring to the herbs and plants as Friar is looking in the field. But while there are two different duality examples, they are connected by how they both represent the overall good and bad present in the novel. This duality connects to the particular theme of the inevitability of fate. While fate is not always a bad thing, Friar Laurence sets it up as seemingly bad and almost evil, â€Å"And where the worser is predominant,† (II.iii.29) He remarks e arlier in that passage as well that nothing cannot be put to both good and bad uses, so he overall is saying that the fate at the moment is seemingly evil, but that Romeo and Juliet can turn the situation around to make it look better than it does. Going back the line about how the bad usually takes control, in the way that the two lovers are handling the situation, they only see it as bad and not the good that it has the ability to be. 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The Nature of Food and Menu Hospitality Industry

Question: Describe about The Nature of Food and Menu for Hospitality Industry. Answer: In the hospitality industry, food plays a vital part. Any hotel, serving delicious, healthy, and hygienic food at an affordable price automatically gains the attention of the customer. All the hospitality destinations appoint talented and skilled chefs and souse-chefs that can create delicious food that can be served to the customer (Chakrabarti and Scholnick, 2007). The food comprises a lot of diversity. It includes the vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes as per the choice of the customer. The customer decides his choice of food with the help of the menu provided to him by the serving restaurant or hotel. The menu is a presentation of the food that would be served to the customer. A menu comprises the name of the dish, a small detail about what the dish is and along with that the price that would be charged by the restaurant for that dish. The food, if not presented well in the menu, then the customer could go for something else. Hence, the presentation of the menu along with the d etails of the food need to very thoughtful (Fernandes et al., 2015). Every hotel or a restaurant has a pre-decided cuisine that is served to the customers. Food comprises of thousand of dishes and cuisines that can be served to the guests. The food that needs to be served is decided by putting a through the thought process. The food that is required to be served should be according to the liking of the targeted customers. Every restaurant has a type of customer that frequented it more than others. For example, a restaurant started servicing in an old Australian neighborhood will try to serve native Australian dishes to attract more customers who are living nearby. This can be the specialty of that restaurant. The food served need to be delicious, hygienic, fresh, and healthy (Hwang and Lorenzen, 2008). Food is not limited to breakfast, lunch, and dinner. It is a vast gallery to be explored. When talking about food, then it can be a small diner serving street food, a caf serving coffee, a desert bar, a multi-cuisine restaurant, or a road-side food truck, restaurant cooking the food in front of the customer and serving, and a fast-food center. They all serve different nature of food. Some serve quick bites, and some an elaborate meal, at one place a formal dress is required to have a meal, and another place welcome all type of customers, some have timings for the service, and some are open throughout the day for the guests. Food is the attraction that brings guests again and again to the restaurant. People can adjust to the accommodation, location, the seating, or the atmosphere if the food is nice and bright which satisfed the customers taste buds. Many countries are famous for the cuisine they serve like, in Hong Kong sea-food is a specialty, India is famous for its curries, Japan is a well-known place for sushi, and Australian cuisine includes Kangaroo meat. People specially visit these countries to explore the type of food that country offers. Many people take their countrys food to other countries and sell it as a cuisine of their country (Kim, 2014). In renowned hotels, it is necessary to have at least two restaurants and a coffee shop. One of these restaurants has to serve the upscale and formal food; other can be as per the liking of the hotel management. Restaurant in a hotel may serve multi-cuisine nature of food, or a single cuisine like sea-food, Indian delicacies, Japanese cuisine, or a Chinese cuisine. People wanted to explore particular kind of cuisine can go to that restaurant to enjoy that food. Five star rated hotels have a separate department of food beverages that deals in only food and related departments (Lee, Lee and Kim, 2013). This department decides the nature of food that has to be served to the guest, how it will be served and at what time. It also decides the choice of food that should be served to the customer. It also keeps the hygiene of the food in check and makes sure that food is fresh. While exploring the hospitality management a person need to learn everything about food including other parts of th e hospitality management. This is done as food is an important part of the hospitality industry and to find success in the hospitality industry one need to be well-versed with the nature of food, and the customers and their demand and choice of food (Lee and Cranage, 2007). When a guest arrives at a place to have food, then the first thing presented to him is the menu. A menu is a presentation of the food that is going to be served in the restaurant. A menu holds the various details about the food like, a small specification regarding particular dish, the price of various dish that are served in the restaurant. As it is said first, impression is the last impression. In a case of a restaurant, its menu is the first impression that reaches the customers. That makes it compulsory that the menu should be designed with great detail (Manning and Soon, 2016). It is quite true that the primary product of a restaurant is the food it is serving which includes the atmosphere, management, and social factors. The menu cannot be considered as an overall product of a restaurant, but it is an important part of it. It acts as a key factor that attracts and satisfies the customers and thus affects the performance of the restaurant firm. A menu has various parts which require proper analysis. A menu is designed as per the atmosphere of the restaurant it can be on a paper, hardboard, or a common menu placed on a wall. Some cafes display their menu outside on the entrance to attract customers (Peplow, 2013). The pricing of the food that has to be served has to be mentioned on the menu and this is known as menu pricing. The pricing of the menu has to be a well-thought process as customers prefer to check the pricing given in the menu before placing an order. The pricing should be such that it includes the over-all expenses and profit should also be incl uded in the prices. If there are any extra tax charges, then that should also be mentioned in the menu. Menu analysis is the process that helps in giving a final look at the menu. The planning, pricing, designing, operating, and the development of menu come under the menu analysis (Thompson, 2012). A menu is a multi-dimensional part of the restaurant and needs to be well detailed. If a restaurant is serving the sea-food, then the menu of that restaurant displays all the sea-food dishes that the restaurant serves to its customers. An interesting menu always attracts extra attention. For example, a hotel with a name of Lake of Woods hand over their menu on a small wooden log, another restaurant which is famous for its banana recipes has printed their menu on an artificial banana leaf. Some menus are prepared with different and stylish names of the dishes, for example, a simple chocolate Sunday is named as Death with Chocolate which makes the guest intrude about the ice-cream and would like to order if he is a chocolate buff. Using gourmet language in a menu also attract guests to explore those dishes like souse-vide chicken, a chocolate ganache, a vanilla rosemary sorbet, or a parfait. All these stylish and gourmet words attract a lot of attention from the guest, especially in a formal restaurant. A menu should be changed time to time. This brings new customers and gives a chance to old customers to explore something new from the menu (Zhang, Wang and Zhang, 2014). In hospitality industry food and menu go hand in hand as the menu is the first presentation of the food that is going to be served to the guest. This essay discusses that proper planning is required to create some delicious, fresh and hygienic food along what to serve, how to serve and when to serve. Same goes with the menu; it has to be well presented, designed, detailed, analyzed, and planned. When both food and menu is exceptional, then the customers automatically get attracted to the restaurant and want to try the food served by it that is mentioned in the menu. The importance of both food and menu is equal to each other. Both are incomplete without the other part. Hence, it is concluded that the menu has to well present as it is the first impression of the food that would be served to the customer and then the food has to be delicious to become a success amongst the customers (Zirfas, 2013). References Chakrabarti, R. and Scholnick, B. (2007). The mechanics of price adjustment: new evidence on the (un)importance of menu costs.Managerial and Decision Economics, 28(7), pp.657-668. Fernandes, A., de Oliveira, R., Rodrigues, V., Fiates, G. and da Costa Proena, R. (2015). Perceptions of university students regarding calories, food healthiness, and the importance of calorie information in menu labelling.Appetite, 91, pp.173-178. Hwang, J. and Lorenzen, C. (2008). Effective nutrition labeling of restaurant menu and pricing of healthy menu.Journal of Foodservice, 19(5), pp.270-276. Kim, M. (2014). Study on Actual State and Importance of Selection of Healthy Korean Food Menu Items Made from Environmentally-Friendly Organic Foods - Focused on Gender-.easdl, 24(4). Lee, D., Lee, J. and Kim, M. (2013). Effect of Menu Calorie Labels on Menu Sales and Consumer's Recognition at a Korean Restaurant in a Hotel.Korean J Community Nutr, 18(5), p.505. Lee, S. and Cranage, D. (2007). The Relative Importance of Menu Attributes at Point of Menu Selection Through Conjoint Analysis.Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 10(2), pp.3-18. Manning, L. and Soon, J. (2016). Food Safety, Food Fraud, and Food Defense: A Fast Evolving Literature.Journal of Food Science, 81(4), pp.R823-R834. Peplow, M. (2013). Neolithic chefs spiced their food.Nature. Stewart, H., Hyman, J. and Dong, D. (2015). Menu Labeling Fills the Gaps in Consumers Knowledge of the Calorie Content of Restaurant Foods.Agribusiness, 31(4), pp.491-506. Thompson, H. (2012). Food science deserves a place at the table.Nature. Zirfas, J. (2013). Fast Food and Fun.Paragrana, 22(1). Zhang, S., Wang, Y. and Zhang, F. (2014). Research on Designing and Organizing Menu System for Shipborne Command and Control System.AMM, 687-691, pp.48-51.

Consequences of the Cold War Essays - Cold War,

Consequences of the Cold War The Cold War (1947-1991) was time of great tension for governments around the world. After America had developed nuclear weapons, the Soviets were quick to follow that path. As tensions between capitalist America and communist Russia elevated, each state began to change and adapt to their situation. The most visible of these adaptations was scientific advancement. Both Russia and the USA wanted to be the ones who had superior technology, and better weapons. Because of this, these two super powers entered in an arms race. Russia and America had both standardized automatic rifles, the Kalashnikov and M16 respectively. Both sides had also done testing for nuclear weapons such as Operation Crossroads, and Tsar Bomba. Not all scientific advancement was for the worst though. The cold war also saw huge advances in computer sciences, and medicine just name a few. These advancements brought up the quality of living for most of the world. On the other side of the coin, advancements in entertainment also allowed the government to get propaganda out easier, and didn't help with an atmosphere of fear. The cold war wasn't the happiest time to be around, with the constant fear of Nuclear annihilation, the mood was always too bright. The Western world had become obsessed with the idea that the Soviets were about to launch a preemptive strike, an attack with little to no warning. It's because of this that the CDS released videos like "Duck and Cover" or "Atomic Alert" which go into detail about how to survive a nuclear threat. These videos were shown in schools across the US, giving people a false sense of security, as though hiding under a desk, or covering up with a jacket could protect you from a nuke. This constant fear lead to movements like "Ban the Bomb" and other anti-weapons groups. Minorities and women also formed groups, to fight for equality, so that America could be a truly free nation. As people started getting together, a sense of patriotism was strengthened (the Hollywood propaganda also helped in that matter) and the ways of capitalist America were praised in the US, and the communist USSR were demonized. Meanwhile in Russia, the opposite was held true, they worshipped the supposed freedom of communism, and depicted Americans as being fat and greedy. This made both Nations economies very different. Americans were very much sold on the idea of buying consumer goods from a free market. It just made sense, increase one's standard of living, while simultaneously bettering the economy. This model made it easy for the US to increase military spending, without too much consequence, and the US still remains an economic super power. In contrast, the Soviet's ideology made it difficult to keep it's people happy, and keep up with American military spending. A common term used to describe this is "guns or butter". This refers to a government's choice to choose either to increase the size of their military, or keep their citizens happy and fed. The Soviets chose guns. They lost. Politics during the cold war was something similar to a person walking a tightrope, except the tightrope is on fire, the person has no limbs, and the minute they fall the world erupts in a fiery ball of nuclear death. Every single move the politicians made had the chance to end in disaster, luckily it never did, but it did come rather close during the Cuban missile crisis. In this event, the Soviets had given Cuba missiles "for defensive purposes" but that made America more than a little nervous. One thing leads to another, and you have the pentagon at defcon 2, and everyone freaking out that they're all going to die. All of a sudden the Russians back down, they remove their missiles from Cuba, and nobody gets nuked. While it turned out fine in the end, the Cuban missile crisis is a fantastic example of the problem with Brinkmanship. Brinkmanship is a dangerous way of playing with politics where you don't back down no matter what. Both sides of the argument refuse to look weak, s o the just keep getting more, and more extreme. This could have easily lead to the

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example Rhetorical Analysis Paper Rhetorical Analysis Paper Essay Topic: A Woman Killed With Kindness Cole Richardson Professor Bedwell English 1321 10 11 October 2011 Rhetorical Analysis Essay 2 We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story, written by Sallie Tisdale, was first published in 1990 by October’s edition of Harper’s Magazine. Tisdale was motivated to write this article because she is an American nurse and essayist. She is a writer on health and medical issues and anything in between. The purpose of this article is to inform the readers on how often abortion is called upon, along with the thoughts of these young women and children having them done. I would say the audience of this article is a well-educated, middle class people, because some of the vocabulary can be a little difficult at times. We Do Abortions Here: A Nurse’s Story, by Sallie Tisdale, makes both an effective, and ineffective argument. Tisdale makes her article effective because she uses impelling illustrations to explain how rapid abortions are done, but she also explains in great detail how painful the process is and what it is like. Although she uses great illustrations her argument is ineffective because her writing and thoughts are unclear, therefore making the way she thinks confusing. Once I realized that throwing tantrums made my mom take my favorite toy, I got the concept of good behavior. I admit it is a work in progress because some children do not get it the first time but it does get easier and better. Talking to a child is important as well as discipline. When a child misbehaves, sitting her down and talking to her is also another good method of teaching discipline. It is not like taking privileges or using timeout, but it can definitely work on children. In the article Talk it Out Works Better than Timeout, Mari-Jane Williams explains that youre missing an opportunity to sit down and say to your kids, how well did that work for you? She also mentions self-assessment and how it is more important to a childs mental and emotional health. In my opinion, as the aunt of three nephews and four nieces, talking to the misbehaving child can work and be a positive experience for both the parent and the child. It gives the parent a chance to tell the chil d that his actions are unacceptable and that he can no longer continue to behave in that manner. In my own experience, it is harder to use the alking method with my nephews, but a lot easier with my nieces. I feel it may be harder for a parent to talk to boys because they tend to be more stubborn than girls. Although boys react differently, parents should still talk to them as they talk to girls. Physical punishment, I feel, is Just as effective as any other discipline method. Spanking a child is more of a last resort when he/she is misbehaving. As I stated earlier in the essay, I threw temper tantrums when I did not get what I wanted and my mother took away privileges. That method was not always effective with me, and I nded up getting multiple spankings. In the article The Real Spanking Debate John Hoffman says that mfou could show me an impeccable study that proves beyond a shadow of doubt that a good and proper mild spanking doesnt harm kids. I completely agree with this statement because I experienced plenty of spankings and I am perfectly fine and well behaved with no discipline or anger problems. In conclusion, disciplining your child is very effective but, it depends on how consistent parents are with doing so. Timeouts, taking away privileges, talking, and pankings are all ways that I feel are effective ways of turning a disobedient child into a well behaved child who follows the rules. All of my experiences with disciplining and being disciplined have been effective, if not with all the methods, at least with one of them. When I become a parent I will use these same methods for my children. Hopefully as a mom I will not go through what my mom went through with me, maybe it will be easier. Work Cited Williams, Mari Jane. Talk-lt-out Works better than timeout. Washington Post 3 Oct. 2013. Opposing viewpoints in context. Web. 13 Nov. 2013

The Security Risks Associated with online access to database. The Article

The Security Risks Associated with online access to database. The common mistakes made by database administrators, security personal, and the application developers - Article Example This leads to only minimal security if any, despite regulations requiring organizations to secure their data (Chickowski, 2009-8). Further complicating factors are the complexity of large databases, and the heterogeneity of the modern database environment (Chickowski, 2009-6). Thus, Chickowski (2009-9) also recommends an education program to teach users about database security, and highlights the importance of good password management. Patches are infrequently applied because of the concept that if something is not broken, it doesn’t need to be fixed. Other areas of neglect are poor configuration management such as taking shortcuts, using test databases on production servers, etc. The latter especially leads to even further risks (Chickowski, 2009-8). These and other security lapses make databases vulnerable from worms, automated scanners, etc. Online databases can suffer from buffer overruns and the URLs â€Å"allow attacker code to be executed, and generally wreak havoc† (Chickowski, 2009-6). As for the application design itself, experts have even identified the most risky packages such as DBMS_SQL, UTL_TCP and DBMS_XMLGEN within Oracle, and third party applications can also undermine databases (Chickowski, 2009-8). Simple and expected measures for security are authentication, authorization, and access control. Apart from configuration and patches, more advanced measures are encryption, auditing, monitoring, and data masking essential for enterprise databases. Besides these, other technological solutions are ‘hardening’ the database using features provided by the database vendor, and keeping out non-essential items from the server, including documentation, sample configurations, code files and if possible built-in stored procedures that are unused. Anything else that cannot be deleted should be disabled instead. The relationship between databases and web applications are based on trust but

Peer review assesment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Peer review assesment - Assignment Example A high quality product is a product that has been proven to retain its high quality product status for years (Cinzkota, 2007). Second, Sony Corporation focuses on selling the company’s products at reasonable prices. The strong demand for the Sony products indicate the products are sold at reasonable prices. People would normally shy away from products that are normally overpriced. A high demand for the product indicates that the average person has no objections to the current prevailing prices of the Sony products and services. Third, Sony Corporation sells its products in stores that are strategically located. Sony Corporation has retail outlets in all the countries located in American, European Union, and Asian. Each major city of the Asian, American, and European nation sells the Sony Corporation products. The customers can easily buy a Sony Corporation product by visiting the Sony Corporation retail stores within the customer’s reach. Fourth, Sony Corporation alloca tes a large budget for the promotion and advertising of the Sony Corporation products and services. The company does not spare a significant amount of money when it comes to advertising the many advantages of the Sony Corporation products and services. Advertising involves money. Advertising involves time budget. ... By selling only high quality products, a strong relationship between the current and prospective customers and Sony Corporation crop up. By selling the Sony Corporation products at reasonable prices, a strong marketing relationship between the current and prospective customers and Sony Corporation can be seen. By selling the Sony Corporation products in strategically located retail outlets, more relationships are created between the current and prospective customers and Sony Corporation. By advertising the many benefits of choosing the Sony Corporation brand over the competitors, a strong relationship between the current and prospective customers and the Sony Corporation products is crystal clear (McDonald, 2007). Both blogs show that Sony Corporation constructs integrated marketing programs that deliver superior quality. Setting up retail outlets in the United States, European Union member states, and Asia indicate the company is implementing a profitable marketing strategy. By sell ing only high quality products and services, the company is on the right track in implementing a profitable marketing program. By advertising the many benefits of buying a Sony Corporation product, Sony Corporation’s marketing strategy process is viable. By selling only high quality products, Sony Corporation’s current marketing strategy will rake in very high net profits. Both blogs show that the current Sony Corporation marketing strategy is geared towards designing of a customer driven marketing strategy (Czinkota, 1998). Selling at reasonable prices is a customer driven marketing strategy. Sony Corporation focuses on selling the Sony Corporation products at a price that the customers are willing to pay. Sony Corporation can sell the

Texting and Driving Speech Essay Example for Free

Texting and Driving Speech Essay To convince my audience that the use of cell phone while driving is dangerous. Central Idea: The use of cell phone should be banned while driving because of the minds not focus on the driving,the driving and the distraction by the phone. Organization: Problem, solution, solution Main Point: Point Elaborate †¢Mind cannot focus on driving †¢Distraction from the cell phone †¢Effects: accident/injury †¢Effects: jeopardize people around †¢Example: The driver will not focus with the driving and will endanger people around if there are mistakes while driving. (statistic) †¢Hand phone should be banned †¢Banning the usage of cell phone while driving †¢Harm people around †¢Solution: Goverment need to be aggresive on settling this issue. †¢Solution: Government need to fine the driver with high prices. Example –state of Massachusetts have given the penalty to the driver that is found guilty will be fine for $100 for first offense and the second offence will be $250 and the third offence will be $500. †¢Driving amp; distraction †¢To have slower braking time †¢Solution: Installing Rumble Strips along road to get attention of the driver. Topic Gadget Title The use of cell phone should be banned while driving General Purpose To persuade Specific Purpose To convince my audience that the use of cell phone while driving is dangerous Central Idea The use of cell phone should be banned while driving because minds cannot focus on the driving, the ways to overcome this problem which are the government need to fine driver that found guilty with high prices and the government need to improve the roads condition such as installing the â€Å"Rumble strips†. Organization Problem, Solution, Solution INTRODUCTION †¢Open with impact/ Attention getter Cell phone is a gadget where people tend to use to make call, give short message service (SMS). (suddenly the phone is ringing and I picked it up while doing presentation). Tie to the audience/ reason to listen Back to my slide, fact says that we cannot do two things at the same time. Based on what I acted just now showing that while I gave my speech, and someone just call me at the same time, I cannot do that both. It is related with while we are driving, and someone just calls us, and then we tend to do or focus on just one thing. Why I am saying that? That is because we use only half of our brain to process for what we do. †¢Credibility statement/ material When I drove back to my hometown and yes, sometimes I am talking on the phone while driving. So, after few times seeing some accident and the impact when using hand phone while driving, I get my knees shake. †¢Preview of main points/ central idea For today, I will convincing you that cell phone need to be banned while driving because the minds will not focus on the driving and how to overcome this problem which is the government need to fine driver that found guilty with high prices and the government should improve the roads condition such as put the â€Å"rumble strips†. Transition to body of speech: First of all, we need to know what the problem in this statement is. Main point 1 When we are driving in a car while talking on the phone, our mind cannot focus on the road because one hand with the phone and one hand manoeuvre the car. †¢Supporting details 1 Certain studies show that driving while talking on the phone can lead to injury or increasing the crash risk. †¢Supporting details 2 Example like a study by Suzanne McEvoy and colleagues of driver on 2005 in Western Australia have found that drivers that are using cell phones were four times tend to be in injury-resulting crashes when talking on the cell phones. Supporting details 3 Niki Taylor which is a supermodel had got in an accident. The accident was began when a friend of her or stockbroker, James ‘Chad’ Renegar had hit a utility pole while trying to retrieve a ringing phone. From the report, there were also a passenger aside Niki. The weather were stormy and the road were wet and winding. Niki sat in front of passenger seat during the low impact crash. (picture of Niki Taylor) Transition to main point 2 As we all know, the government have banned the use of cell phone while driving. †¢Main point 2 Phone can bring harm to people around if the driver is using it. Government need to be aggressive in settling this issue. So, the government need to fine the driver with high prices summons. †¢Supporting details 1 Example like one of state in United States of America which is Massachusetts had given the penalty to the driver that has been found guilty. They will be fine for $100 for first offense and the second offence will be $250 and the third offence will be $500. †¢Supporting details 2 By doing this, I am sure people will not played their cell phones while driving because the price is to high! Transition to main point 3 Besides that, cell phone is a distracting thing while driving a car. †¢Main point 3 When we are driving, we are tending to be more careful or cautious about people around. But, when something distracting us we might lose focus on driving example when suddenly something happened, we have or tend to have slower braking time. †¢Supporting details 1 To curb this from always happened, the government can also make some changes to the road rather than we use the law to reduce the number of driver that doing this ‘crime’. The government need to install â€Å"Rumble Strips† along road to get attention of the driver. †¢Supporting details 2 Rumble strips can also be called as sleeper lines which are to alert the driver if they have drift from their lane on the road. Besides it is an economical and effective to the driver. Picture shown that the rumble strips in Hennikar, New Hampshire, US. (picture is shown) Transition to conclusion Be sure to keep this in mind that with using cell phone while driving will cause you to be in more high risk state. Conclusion †¢Summary of main point In conclusion, I am emphasise that using cell phone while driving will cause you more impact because your mind cannot focus on driving, and it will distracting you as a driver and we need to follow the law from government or else we might get into trouble.

A Logical and Unemotional Justification of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

A Logical and Unemotional Justification of Capital Punishment Just as the Pied Piper of Hamlin was paid to destroy the rat population, the state prisons are being forced to perform a similar action with what is an overflow of vermin. Taking either a "pro" or an "anti" stance is not something to be done lightly. Most people decide which side they are to take based on purely emotional reasons. Those who support capital punishment do so based on a hatred of the crimes committed, and a fear of similar crimes happening to them. This is not the way to reach a logical decision. Others abhor violence, and feel that two wrongs, namely murder and execution, do not make a right. (although in science, the language of logic, two negatives do make a positive.) Morality, fear, hatred, and ignorance often play a large part in important decisions, dooming society to enforce ridiculous laws, and leaving itself susceptible to rotting from the inside, out. First and foremost, it is important to put our version of capital punishment in an accurate, historical context. Since that dawn of civilization, through the laws of Moses, and the laws of Hammurabi, what you did, was done to you. The advancement of civilization is peppered with this same prevalent idea of reciprocity. To argue against these historic beliefs is to argue against the growth and development inherent in history. If at anytime this law of reciprocation had been ignored, chaos would have been re-introduced into society, creating a premature, and quick, decadence. In comparison, our law of capital punishment is a cake-walk. We do not hack off your hand when we think you take an apple. We do not burn out your eyes when you lust after another man's wife. We do not cut your tongue out and feed it to the lions if you verbalize the name of God. We offer you a trial by your peers, in which you must be proven without a doubt to be guilty. Then, you are locked in a penitentiary, where you can easily be granted an appeal. You exist incarcerated usually for many years, until your appeals have been defeated, the proof against you has been confirmed, and your crimes against humanity are of such a heinous nature that you have condemned yourself to a painless, quick, and easy death.

Burlington Norhtern- The Ares Decision Essay

The purpose of management in sectors of an economy and control systems is to achieve goals and objectives of an organization with ease and at least cost. The ultimate purpose of any system is that it should be â€Å"in control† rather than â€Å"controlling people† (Simons 2000). Systems which are in ‘perfect control’ other than controlling them show profound differences between the two concepts and the ability to achieve their goals with ease. Both the internal and external environments impact an organization control structure. There are four paradigms that forms the framework around which the theme of understanding of controls is built (Simons 2000)In the first paradigm is one that enables organization to adapt themselves to their environment knowing what they want and how to achieve it with ease,. When an organization decides what they want, the process is referred to as part of control system. The process would either be based towards centralization or decentralization. Purpose would be, to effectively adapt to the changing environment. When an organization is able to identify and discover the best strategies and instruments of control, it is headed towards success. (pp 2) The second paradigm of the control system comprehensively covers the activities and behavior of top management levels of the organization (described as management controls), process (operational control) and task or transactional control; at the Grass-Root level (pg 3). The paradigm emphasizes on the integration at the board levels of the management team (management controls) The third paradigm explores the explicitly democratic and participative styles of management due to the growth in the field of information technology and knowledge management. This has resulted in research on management control and its relationship with strategic management. The paradigm deals with coordinating control systems with self control and designing and implementing systems for controlling the not-so-sincere people. The fourth paradigm deals with the adaptive theory of human behavior. Simons assumes that human beings want to contribute, achieve innovate and work competently even though they do not want to have specific external inducements to be so. Generation and implementation of adaptive control strategies are quite capable by human beings. This can be achieved through mutual consolation without an external force t make them fall in like and work for the organization. Everybody doing a business or government owned organization are looking for growth. Sufficient profit is thus essential to support market expectations. The problem arises when the top management pushes too hard for profit and does not have the right controls in places. In such cases employees may start to do dumb things like misusing revenues or making unethical decisions. In response to the above the company should therefore employ all sorts of controls. It should also be noted that if they go overboard in that same direction, the businesses will risk becoming internally focuses loosing growth power. This forms the basis of our paper in which we shall discuss the variety of forces in a business and to maintain the ultimate challenge. The Burlington Northern Rail Road (BN) was created in 1970 by the merger of four rail roads, Chicago Burlington and Quincy railroad; Northern pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, and the Spokane; Portland and Seattle Railway Co. In 1980 another railway the ST. Louis-San Francisco Railway co. (Frisco) was acquired and merged into BN- (oligopoly watch 2003). BN decision to delay to deploy the ARES was as a result of perhaps because of the high price tag associated with the system wide application. The â€Å"Amtra Ares† would benefit the Burlington Northern by working an advanced train control system. Passengers would benefit with on time improvement in performance, reductions in running time and continuous communication for increased services reliability. The Ares deployment would cause a vast improvement in the management on safety of trains on any given rail. It enables the railroad to determine the exact location of train. If implemented ARES will permit an additional capacity on rail lines and better enable trains to be dispatched faster. In addition the technology will also permit timely monitoring of the mechanical conditions of equipment. (Oligopoly watch briefs 2003) The company also faces major competition form other established rails in US and therefore the industry profitability depends on porters five forces model for likely profitability. As porter (2005) a business has to understand the dynamics of its industries and markets in order to compete effectively in the market place. He contends that the competitive environment is created by the interaction of the five different forces acting on a business. (Bowman and Davviney 1997) The original competitive forces as proposed by porter, identified forces which would impact on an organization’s behavior in a competitive market. The analysis focused on the following areas:- †¢ The rivalry between existing sellers in the market †¢ The impact of the suppliers on the sellers †¢ The potential threat of new sellers entering the market. †¢ The threat of substantial products becoming available in the market. †¢ The power that is exerted by the customers in the market. The analysis are well illustrate in table in Appendix I DEGREE OF RIVALRY The Company faces major competition from other railway operators and means of transport. Rivalry determines the extent to which the value created by an industry will be dissipated through head-to-head competition. The concentration of alternative means of transport in the region seem to be a factor that affecting the effectiveness of the industry. ( High Beam Encyclopedi) †¢ The nature of the cost of transport should be variable in order to attract ore travelers to use that means of transport. †¢ The capacity of the rail should be considered by the management to accommodate more people and goods. †¢ They should also focus of market growth to increase competition and this shows their stability. †¢ In terms of operation and customer service their mode should be different from other lines in operation. THE THREAT OF ENTRY Porters admit that both potential and existing competitors influence average industry profitability. This threat is usually based on the market entry barriers. Entry barriers exist when it is difficult to economically operate for an outside in an industry already saturated with incumbents. The company faces loss threats from other competitors in terms of economics of scale. The benefits derived from such operation is worth noting and can be utilized to keep the company making other contracts in to industry faces challenges and barriers such as cost of entry, distribution channels and may lack differentiation. THREATS OF SUBSTITUTE When a company is faced by the threat of substitute products that pose to its profitability; it will depend on the relative price-to-performance ratios on the different types of services or products that the customer can turn to satisfy his basic needs. †¢ The company should know that there are major alternatives to rail transport and that customers can use other means eg. Air and road. †¢ The threat of switching out should also be discovered as a factor that can affect their competitiveness in that these costs are incurred when retaining, retooling and redesigning when a customer switches to a different mode of transport. †¢ The company should be sensitive on their pricing system which should be in tandem or cheaper with other alternatives. †¢ When designing substitutes of their own such as luxury coaches they should consider if they can do without it other than adding extra costs. BUYER POWER Buyer power influences the appropriation of the value created by an industry/company. The concentration of customers and size determines the buyer power. Other factors depend on how the company has marketed itself to the customers and differentiation of the competitors. The company poses credible threat of backward integration form the travelers who are their frequent customers. They should focus much on their maintaining the customers’ base through service improvement. The declining number of customers also does not frequent the route, their bargaining power towards the company falls means of attracting them back should be developed. SUPPLIER POWER This typically focuses on the relative size and concentration of companies offering similar services to the industry participants and degree of differentiation. The ability of a company to charge customers different prices in line with different in the value created indicates that there is high supply of services with low supply power For the supply power of Northern railway to exist the company should: †¢ Maintain their brand name power in recognizable in the market. †¢ Create different values in services offered with different prices. †¢ Able to counter any increasing threat of forward integration that wills an increasing number of travelers. †¢ Ensure that the customer is well informed of his services. †¢ The merger of the four companies is a strong point they should maintain. Case #2 Burlington industry must capitalize on the stability and management control it has instituted over the years it has been in operations. Also begin planning and reporting by business line and should identify activities and functions that led themselves to competition. This is because the company faces a serious problem when it comes to regulating the railway transport. Use of technologies such as ARES should be encouraged by this company. The following measures as stated above cn help them to solve this internal problems. 1. Management control They should try to reinforce what they already have accomplished over the years. Substantial structural and operating changes can result in increased stability, expense control and an effective program of capital reinvestment. The restructuring effort should:- †¢ Reduce management levels clarify roles played by authority and enhance accountability. †¢ Should have regular reporting. †¢ Control budget †¢ Focus on its core duty of passenger rail service. 2. Planning and reporting by business line Accountability in their financial transactions is one major factor they should consider. Transparency should be provided along the companies operating profile to facilitate management and god policy decision. In infrastructure management good technology like ARES which can help them control traffic should be deployed. Such structures would bring a different dimension which not only focuses on the cost of each line of operation but the mission, goals and market opportunities associated with the company. The management accountability should go hand in hand with the performance for each business line and this includes on time performance and customer service. 3. Advance Competition The utimage goal of Northern rail line should be to focus on maintaining a vibrant passenger rail system with a competitive supply of service industry and delivery. This objective should be supported through †¢ The development of an activity based analytical capabilities that elatify the cost of individual business lines. †¢ By enhancing the carrying out a comprehensive review and implementation of operating efficiencies. 4. The company should focus on delivering services in a cost effective manner as possible. They should also identify opportunities for revenue advancement and savings. This can be achieved through: †¢ Embracing innovation, marketing and pricing strategies. †¢ Creating flexible work rule that will enhance operational efficiency while maintaining service quality. †¢ Timely scheduling of departure and arrivals to reduce cost. †¢ Invest in technology such as ARES that will improve productivity, help solve internal problems and failures. 5. Customer service and time performance. In order for the company to have an even customer service it should focus on the following:- †¢ Develop a highly skilled, service oriented workforce which has the capacity to interact well with customers. †¢ Create timely dispatch and arrival times which will avoid congestion. †¢ Evaluate on areas where improved customer care can be achieved at a lower cost through outsourcing of services. Case # 3 The future on the success of Burlington Northern rail depends upon its inputs form the high traffic volumes, higher revenues yields while ensuring operating capacity is sufficient to match demand and lowered unit costs. They therefore need or are obligated to address these issues in grater details superior performance will only flow if the company gets better at managing new care competencies like pricing, capacity, networks and schedules. In addition o making improvements in general productivity the company should have better cost management by addressing this cost disparities in comparison with other transport modes. Burlington should move from a constraint driven environment to a market driven one with an aim of capturing and retaining the market share. This will be achieved if they offer excellent services to customers and ensure that resources are used properly. Failure to comply with such minor issue will push them out of business as they lose market share. Case # 4 The advanced Railway electric system (ARES) is important if implemented would address traffic and increase yield through market planning and scheduling technology. The increase operating would lower operating cost. The management science techniques as they are called are being used for queuing, decision, information, statistics as well as stimulation, operation research and linear programming. The new approach for planning and re-configuring rail networks are opening up key opportunities and major savings. To maintain a competitive advantage the company should aim at developing high speed rail networks and advanced scheduling though ARES a key factor in matching out to demand. The increase in demands calls for an effective system to build schedules to meet the changing demand, both constraint driven and market driven criteria. The system makes it possible to choose between all alternatives and find best arrangements tailored to meet the organizations conditions. If Burlington does not implement ARES it is faced with and impending threat on traffic as the railway scheduling is becoming more and more complex. They will not be able to meet the changing demand and because of this they cannot maximize profits as there will be increased operational costs. Being able to find the best technology like ARES in such a difficult choice environment is a strong competitive advantage.

English-German Glossary House and Apartment

What do you call the different parts of your home and its furnishings in German? If you are moving into a house or apartment in a German-speaking country, you will need to become familiar with these terms. You will see the English term and the matching German one. If there is an abbreviation that is often seen in classified ads, it is included in parentheses. Terms for Dwellings What do you call a house, apartment, or flat?  You will need these terms when you refer to where you live, as well as for looking for a living space. apartment, flat  die Wohnung  (-en)apartment share/roommates  die Wohngemeinschaft  (WG)communal apartment  die Wohngemeinschaft  (WG)condo, condominium  die Eigentumswohnung3-room apartment  das 3-Zimmerwohnungstudio apartment/flat, bedsit  das Atelier,  das Apartment/Appartement,  das Wohnschlafzimmer,  die Einzimmerwohnungbedsit (BE), studio apartment/flat  das Apartment/Appartement,  das Atelier,  das Wohnschlafzimmer,  die Einzimmerwohnungflat, apartment  die  Wohnung  (-en)floor (story)  die Etage,  der Stockground floor  das Erdgeschoss,  die Parterre  the 1st floor (Brit.)  der erste Stockthe 1st floor (US)  das Erdgeschoss  (ground floor)on the 4th floor  im vierten Stockon the 4th floor  im 4. OG  (Obergeschoss)on the 4th floor  in der vierten Etage  (eh-TAHJ-ah) Kultur:  Everyone but Americans numbers building floors by calling the first floor above the ground the first floor (der erste Stock). If youre American, when dealing with German or European floors, remember that an American second floor is the first - and so on. Same thing applies to elevator buttons! (E is the ground floor -  das Erdgeschoss, or sometimes P for French  Parterre, or 0  null.) floor plan  der Grundriss  (eines Stockwerks)house  das Haus  (Hà ¤user)at my/our house  bei mir/unsto my/our house  zu mir/unshouse and home  Haus und Hofhousing  die Wohnungnen  (pl.), (shelter)  die Unterkunftland, property  das Grundstà ¼ckneighbor  der Nachbar  (-en),  die Nachbarin  (-nen)renovated, remodeled  renoviert,  saniertrow house, attached house  das  Reihenhaus  (-hà ¤user)vacant, available  freiyear of construction  das Baujahr   Parts of a House From roof to basement, know what to call different rooms and elements of a house. attic  der Dachboden,  der Speicherattic apartment, mansard flat  die Mansardeattic floor, level  das Dachgeschoss  (DG)balcony der Balkon (-s or -e)basement, cellar der Keller (-)bath, bathroom das Bad, das Badezimmer (-)WC, toilet  das WC  (-s),  die Toilette  (-n) Kultur: A Bad or Badezimmer is strictly that, a BATH room (for bathing, washing up). If you actually want the toilet, ask for die Toilette, not das Badezimmer. Germans may wonder why you want to take a bath if you ask for the bath room. bedroom  das Schlafzimmer  (-)built-in cabinets  die Einbauschrà ¤nkebuilt-in closets  die Einbaugarderobenbuilt-in kitchen  die Einbaukà ¼cheelevator  der Aufzug,  der Fahrstuhl,  der Lift Kultur:  Dont be surprised if your German apartment house has no  Aufzug, even if your apartment is on the 5th or 6th floor! Older German apartment complexes of six floors or less may have no elevator. entrance, entry  der Eingangseparate entrance  eigener Eingangentry hall  die Diele  (-n),  der Flurfloor (surface)  der Fußbodenwood floors, parquet  der Parkettfußbodenfloor tile  die Fliese  (-n)flooring, floor covering  der Fußbodenbelaggarage  die Garage  (of a house)garret, mansard flat  die Mansardehalf-basement, basement flat  das Souterrain  (-s)hall, hallway  der Flurinsulation  die Isolierung,  die Dà ¤mmungsound insulation, soundproofing  die Schalldà ¤mpfungpoorly insulated (for sound), lacking soundproofing  hellhà ¶rigkitchen  die Kà ¼che  (-n)kitchenette  die Kochnische  (-n)living room  das Wohnzimmer  (-)office  das Bà ¼ro  (-s)office, workroom  das Arbeitszimmer  (-)parking space  der Stellplatz  (-plà ¤tze)patio, terrace  die Terrasse  (-n)laundry room  die Waschkà ¼che  (-n)room  das Zimmer  (-),  der Raumshower  die Duscheshower room  der Duschraumstorage room  de r Abstellraum  (-rà ¤ume)underground parking (garage)  die Tiefgarage  (-n)window  das Fenster  (-)workroom, office, study  das Arbeitszimmer  (-) Household Furnishings Be aware that some German apartments are sold bare - with no light fixtures or even the proverbial kitchen sink! Read your  Kaufvertrag  (sales contract) carefully to avoid having to wash the dishes in the bathroom by candlelight after you move into your new apartment. furnished  mà ¶bliert Note:  Furnished apartments are rare in Germany.bath towel das Badetuchbed das Bett (-en)carpet, carpeting der Teppich (-e)carpeted floors der Teppichbodenfitted carpet/wall-to-wall carpeting der Teppichbodenchair der Stuhl (Stà ¼hle)chaise lounge/longue, lounge chair, deck chair  der Liegestuhl (-stà ¼hle)(clothes) closet, wardrobe der Kleiderschrank (-schrà ¤nke), die Garderobe (-n) Kultur: German houses and apartments rarely have built-in closets (Einbaugarderobe). They are usually free-standing pieces of furniture that must be bought, just as a bed or any other furniture. couch  die Couch  (-en  or -s) - in Swiss German  Couch  is masc.curtain  der Vorhang  (-hà ¤nge),  die Gardine  (-n)lace/net curtains  die Gardinencurtain rod/rail  die Vorhangstange  (-n),  die Gardinenstange  (-n)desk  der Schreibtisch  (-e)kitchen sink  das Spà ¼lbecken  (-)lamp  die Lampe  (-n),  die Leuchte  (floor lamp)light  das Licht  (-er),  die Leuchte  (-n) (lamp)lighting  die Beleuchtungmedicine chest  der Arzneischrank,  die Hausapothekeplug, elec. outlet  die Steckdoseplug (elec.)  der Steckershelf, shelving  das Regal  (-e)bookshelf  das Bà ¼cherregalsink (kitchen)  das Spà ¼lbecken  (-)sink, wash basin  das Waschbecken  (-)sofa  das Sofa  (-s)telephone  das Telefon  (-e)television set  der Fernseher  (-),  das Fernsehgerà ¤t  (-e)tile  die Fliese  (-n)tile(d) floor  der Fliesenbodentoilet, WC  die Toilette  (-n),  das WC  (-s)toilet seat  die Toilettenbril le  (-n)towel  das Badetuch  (bath towel),  das Handtuch  (hand towel)towel rack  der Handtuchhaltervase  die Vase  (-n)wash basin, sink  das  Waschbecken Household Appliances These appliances and pieces of equipment may not come with your dwelling. Be sure to check your purchase agreement. clothes washer, washing machine die Waschmaschinedishwasher  die Spà ¼lmaschine,  der Geschirrspà ¼lerfreezer  der Tiefkà ¼hlschrankfreezer chest  die Tiefkà ¼hltruherefrigerator  der Kà ¼hlschrankgas heat  die  Gasheizungheat, heating  die Heizungstove (heat)  der Ofenkitchen stove, range  der Herdoven (baking, roasting)  der Backofenmower, lawn mower  der Rasenmà ¤her  (-) Financial Terms These words will be important when you are making the deal or paying for your housing. deposit die Kaution (KT)down payment die Anzahlunglandlord der Vermieter, die Vermieterinrenter, tenant der Mieter (-), die Mieterin (-nen)